Critically discuss the management of a patient suffering from CHD Essay

Critically discuss the management of a patient suffering from CHD using the scenario of Mrs M.Cox as the background to your disc - Essay Example The paper also looks at the future of the spread of CHD and other such so-called â€Å"lifestyle† illness and the impact this will have on the healthcare systems of the less developed world. The paper also looks at the social determinants of cardiovascular diseases, including CHD. The other thing that is examined in this document is the place for self care and self management of chronic illnesses especially in the homes and in the communities where a lot of such illnesses need to be managed, with the intention of reducing the need for making too many trips to the hospital for the patient and also ensuring that his or her psychosocial needs are met right at the place where they live. The report uses the case study of a CHD patient to ensure that the lessons learned and best practices in self management of chronic illnesses can be utilised and used as teaching tools not just for the patient but also for those members of their families and their community that are charged with th e task of taking care of them and following up on their needs as patients and family members. Coronary heart disease is a condition caused by the build up of fat and cholesterol deposits in the walls of the arteries of the heart. These deposits result in the constriction of the arteries which leads to a reduction of the flow of blood to the heart. This build up of deposits happens gradually over time and usually the first signs that this manifests itself in are in breathlessness and chest pains. The first symptoms of CHD include chest pain or angina. Coronary heart disease can often lead to heart attacks, irregular heartbeat and heart failure. Coronary heart disease kills more people in the United Kingdom than any other disease, with about 82,000 deaths reported annually. A further 2.7 million are estimated to be living with the condition (NHS(b), 2012). In the United States there are over 7 million people living with CHD and every year more than 600,000 die of CHD and related illne sses (Surgical Associates of Texas, 2005). The prevalence of CHD is highest among those over 65 years of age (19.8%) while the prevalence among the men in the population is much higher than that in women, at 7.8% and 4.6% respectively (CDC, 2011). There are certain factors that increase the risk of contracting CHD. These include smoking, being overweight, a sedentary lifestyle with lack of exercise, excessive intake of alcohol, family history of heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes (Canvin, 2012). CHD is diagnosed by various tests that are conducted which include blood tests to see the amount of fat and cholesterol in the blood, an electrocardiogram (ECG), chest x-ray, CT and MRI scans (Canvin, 2012; Heart Foundation, n.d.). Other tests include the angiogram, also called cardiac catheterization, where a dye is injected into the body via a thin tube known as a catheter. The images taken showing how the dye flows through the body are used to determine how effective blood fl ows through the body. Another test is the stress test where typically a client is placed on a treadmill at changing inclines and speeds and any abnormalities in the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat is measured. Additionally a dye can be introduced into the body intravenously and then x-rayed to show how effectively blood is being pumped through the body (Milano, 2013). CHD has no cure once diagnosed.

A Clamor for Women :: Puberty Health Medical Essays

A Clamor for Women A guy once told me that being female was very encouraging because I had something to look forward to every month—my period. Well, what he doesn't know is that this God-given blessing has become a curse to all men because they have to deal with a woman's every qualm. But since men are so clever and inventive they found a way to prevent pregnancy by controlling menstruation and therefore indirectly controlling women. Once a girl has her first menstrual cycle, she not only has to deal with PMS (premenstrual syndrome) which includes bloating, swelling of extremities, sensitive breasts, depression, social withdrawal, mood swings, irritability, anxiety, and confusion, but she also has to encounter non-sympathetic guys who just make her feel worse. And most importantly, she has to face the fact that she can become pregnant. But don't lose hope yet, girls, the men are going to save you from your naturally-occurring misery. They are going to invent a drug that will set you free of all the hassles of womanhood—the Pill! Carl Djerassi invented the modern birth control pill, which was originally advocated as a step toward freedom for women. With the introduction of the pill, women had the choice as to whether a pregnancy was desirable at the time. They could finally pursue careers and â€Å"plan† a family accordingly. However, the pill's original purpose has been skewed. Doctors are now urging younger and younger girls to use the pill but not for the purpose of birth control, even though that is always an underlying reason, but as a means of controlling PMS, blood flow, or acne. PMS is natural and healthy. It can be minimized, once recognized, through a healthy diet and exercise without the hormone-tampering caused by birth control pills. Nonetheless, more women are turning towards this man-made device to control the â€Å"hormonal† woman inside them. But did you ever stop to think why all these problems are solved by the pill? Or why the problems are â€Å"problems† in the first place? Men. They found women to be trying around that â€Å"time of the month† and they also wanted sex without the fear of another mouth to feed. So they solved their problem with the pill and tried to convince women that it was really her problem. Kottak, the author of Researching American Culture, writes, â€Å"The fact that the development of birth control pills and other contraceptive methods has been largely aimed at women is the result of a number of assumptions made by the largely male research establishment† (219).

Functional Areas of Business Management Essay

Abstract A summary of the sales and marketing functional areas of an organization’s structure as an examination of the overall role and responsibility of the managers of each area. The sales manager’s primary goal is the development, implementation and evaluation of the strategic goals they desire to achieve with the sale organization to be able to meet the company’s overall goals. The marketing manager is responsible for indentifying of the market space with respect to the client, client’s needs and the ability of the product to meet the customer’s needs. Marketing managers are also critical for conducting and evaluating the results of a SWOT analysis for the company. This information is vital to the development of corporate goals of the organization. Functional Areas of Business Management There are a number of functional groups that make up an organization’s structure. Each of these business areas or internal organizations within the company provides a vital function or role to the overall success of the business. Some of these functional groups include; finance, human resources, marketing, operations, sales, customer service, research and development to list a few standard functional business groups. The two functional areas of business that will be reviewed and explored with respect to the manger’s roles and associated responsibilities are the sales and marketing functional areas or organizations of a company. There is a strong correlation to these functions within a business organization. Many organizations may separate these two functional groups and others may closely integrate these to ensure the overall goals are achieved through the cross functional interaction of these resources. â€Å"Sales management can be most easily defined as planning, implementing, and controlling personal contact programs designed to achieve the sales and fit objectives of the firm† (Gale, 2006,). As a sales manager the responsibility is instilled upon this person to be the leader of the sale team. As the leader you are responsible for the strategic planning and the overall process of setting the desired goals of the sales organization and it is a vital function of the sales manager. â€Å"Goal setting is usually based on a company’s overall sales objectives or targets† (Gale, 2007). These goals may be cascaded down from senior management in a large organization or be developed through the overall profit and growth that the company is trying to achieve. As the manager of the sales organization it will be important to examine the past history of the products you are selling as an initial assessment of the previous success. Once you have reviewed the revenue results you can compare these to the state of the economy and determine if these results were typical of the results that other competitor companies achieved in a similar market under these conditions. Also the manager will have to examine the resources that are available and determine if these resources are similar to that of the resulting period being evaluated. â€Å"The ability of the sales manager to set goals is strongly related to the desires to change past performance—by lifting all sales, high-margin sales, creating sales for new products, etc† (Gale, 2007). Implementing the strategic plans are the next key functions of the sales manager. Depending upon the overall size of the company, size of the territory to cover and the market to cover the sales department may be subdivided into regions. These regions would then have regional managers responsible for each region all working to achieve the overall sales goals and objectives developed within the organization. In developing the plans for implementing, the sales manager may have to answer questions such as â€Å"how should a sales force be structured? How large a sales force is needed† (Gale, 2006) etc. The sales manager will create strategies to be able to achieve the goals. The plans developed for implementation may also include such things as if training is required and if so then what training is required. They will also be concern with determining if there are requirements for new budgets or increases to old budgets to be able to implement the strategic plans and successfully execute the strategy. Marketing is the second functional area to be examined as a manager in the organizational structure. The overall function of the marketing department and the leaders of this organization can be viewed as the research group for determining the business needs of the client and indentifying the market place. (Moorman and Rust, 1999) â€Å"Define the marketing managers as the liaison between the customer and the product†. The marketing manager plays a vital role in understanding the client, understanding the marketing place the client represents and how the product best fits the overall needs of this market place. Once the marketing manager and the through the marketing team has identified the market space and the need for the product in it, they will then focus on creating a plan that best allows the company to successfully introduce or continue to succeed in selling the product in the identified market. The marketing manager will be responsible to set goals that will create a path for the identified product into the identified market and clients. The marketing manager will utilize the SWOT analysis to create the data that supports the need of a customer to buy and use a desired product. In the SWOT process the marketing manager will also typically identify if there is a market for a new product that the company may have interest in developing. This feedback will be relayed to the research and development organization to identify the economical impact of such a new design. This cost to develop the desired product will be evaluated against the potential revenue that can generate. With this information the company will typically decide if the investment will be made to develop the new product or if simply an old product can be modified to achieve the desired results to the client. Once a new product is developed or a current product is improved the marketing organization will determine the most beneficial way to introduce these changes to the desired client base. This method can vary from printed material in magazines, internet, client handouts or simply by the sale organization when directly dealing with the existing and new clients when they interact with them. There is significant correlation between the sale department and the marketing department in many industries today. Often it will be observed that the two roles of sales and marketing can be combined to a product marketing manager with sole responsibilities to a single product or product line. When the two functions are combined the manager will be responsible for the growth and success of the product. This manager will also be required to conduct the market research and develop the most successful path to market for the product. Whether the sales and marketing managers are reviewed individually or as a combined role they both play vital roles in the overall developing, implementing and evaluating of the companies goals. References Moorman, C., and Rust, R.T.(1999). â€Å"The role of marketing†, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 63, pp. 180-197 (special Issue) â€Å"Sales Management.† Encyclopedia of Management. Ed. Marilyn M. Helms. 5th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 778-782. â€Å"Sales Management.† Encyclopedia of Small Business. 3rd ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2007. 993-996

Pride And Prejudice, By Chinua Achebe, And Jane Austen

All three writers, Julie Otsuka, Chinua Achebe, and Jane Austen apply the aspect of morality to their novels. They do so through aspects of money or marriage such as in Pride and Prejudice as well as in No Longer at Ease. The authors are able to persuade the reader into thinking not only about what the character believes is right or wrong, but also to think about whom morality and immorality is defined by. In these three novels, Pride and Prejudice as well as in No Longer at Ease and When the Emperor was Divine, ethics is not always defined by the main character but by the society that the character lives in. The challenges faces while dealing with these ethical ideas is something each character struggles with and is determined to overcome. Pride and Prejudice raises important moral issues centered on the idea of marriage and specifically how important the role of money can influence the moral actions of people. Jane Austen revealing to us the importance of money in marriage and then leaving it to the readers to decide for themselves what is moral and what is immoral; specifically, the scene where the main character Elizabeth’s sister mentions that Darcy, whom is in love with Elizabeth, pays for the marriage of Lydia and Mr. Wickham. This raises the question of whether it is Mr. Darcy’s duty to do this or was it not his place to pay for the wedding? Darcy overlooks Elizabeth s underprivileged financial status and goes out of his way to guarantee that Wickham marries Lydia